یادگیری زمان گذشته ساده (گرامر زبان انگلیسی)
The Past Simple Tense
زمان گذشته ساده در زبان انگلیسی شبیه به حال ساده است زیرا قواعد مختلفی برای فعل «be» دارد که به «was» یا «were» می‌شود:
|
Positive with 'be' |
|
|
|
you were tired |
|
he was in the garden |
|
she was late |
|
it was sunny |
|
we were on holiday |
|
they were hungry |
|
Negative with 'be' |
Negative Short Form |
|
I was not sleepy |
I wasn't sleepy |
|
you were not on the bus |
you weren't on the bus |
|
he was not at school |
he wasn't at school |
|
she was not beautiful |
she wasn't beautiful |
|
it was not cold |
it wasn't cold |
|
we were not at work |
we weren't at work |
|
they were not tired |
they weren't tired |
برای ایجاد یک سوال، درست مانند حال ساده، موقعیت "was / were" و موضوع را تغییر می‌دهیم.
در اینجا سؤالات ساده «yes / no» گذشته با «be» وجود دارد:
و سؤالات «wh» با «be» (کلمه سؤالی در ابتدا می‌آید، بقیه موارد یکسان است):
|
'Yes / No' Questions with 'Be' |
|
was I sleepy? |
|
were you late? |
|
was he at the cinema? |
|
was she kind? |
|
was it hot? |
|
were we hungry? |
|
were they at work? |
|
'Wh' Questions with 'Be' |
|
why was I sleepy? |
|
where were you? |
|
when was he at the cinema? |
|
how was she? |
|
how was it? |
|
why were we hungry? |
|
when were they at work? |
ما گذشته را مانند زمان حال ساده می‌کنیم به جز اینکه به جای «do/do» از «did» استفاده می‌کنیم. این واقعاً آسان است زیرا « did» حتی با « he / she / it» تغییر نمی‌کند.
نکته مثبت:
ما معمولاً با اضافه کردن «-ed» به مصدر، مثبت می‌سازیم. به عنوان مثال، 'play' تبدیل به 'played' می‌شود. با این حال، برخی از افعال بی قاعده وجود دارد، برای مثال 'go' تبدیل به ' went' و 'run' تبدیل به 'ran' می‌شود.
|
Positive with Other Verbs |
|
I walked (regular) |
|
you played (regular) |
|
he cooked (regular) |
|
she listened (regular) |
|
it rained (regular) |
|
we ate (irregular) |
|
they drank (irregular) |
در منفی هیچ فعل بی قاعده ای وجود ندارد. همه افعال از "did not/dn't)) + مصدر" استفاده می‌کنند:
|
Negative |
Negative Short Form |
|
I did not walk |
I didn't walk |
|
you did not play |
you didn't play |
|
he did not cook |
he didn't cook |
|
she did not listen |
she didn't listen |
|
it did not rain |
it didn't rain |
|
we did not eat |
we didn't eat |
|
they did not drink |
they didn't drink |
سوالات نیز بسیار آسان است. فقط «did» را قبل از موضوع، و مصدر را بعد از آن قرار دهید.
در اینجا سؤالات "yes / no" وجود دارد:
|
'Yes / No' Questions |
|
did I walk? |
|
did you play? |
|
did he cook? |
|
did she listen? |
|
did it rain? |
|
did we eat? |
|
did they drink? |
البته برای ایجاد سوال "wh" کلمه سوال را در ابتدای جمله قرار دهید:
The Past Simple (Simple Past) with Other Verbs
|
'Wh' Questions |
|
where did I go? |
|
what did you play? |
|
what did he cook? |
|
why did she listen? |
|
when did it rain? |
|
where did we eat? |
|
how did they travel? |
ما گذشته را مانند زمان حال ساده می‌کنیم به جز اینکه به جای «do/do» از «did» استفاده می‌کنیم. این واقعاً آسان است زیرا «did» حتی با «he / she / it» تغییر نمی‌کند.
نکته مثبت:
ما معمولاً با اضافه کردن «-ed» به مصدر، مثبت می‌سازیم. به عنوان مثال، 'play' تبدیل به 'played' می‌شود. با این حال، برخی از افعال بی قاعده وجود دارد، برای مثال 'go' تبدیل به 'رفت' و 'run' تبدیل به 'ran' می‌شود.
|
Positive with Other Verbs |
|
I walked (regular) |
|
you played (regular) |
|
he cooked (regular) |
|
she listened (regular) |
|
it rained (regular) |
|
we ate (irregular) |
|
they drank (irregular) |
در منفی هیچ فعل بی قاعده ای وجود ندارد. همه افعال از "did not /dn't)) + مصدر" استفاده می‌کنند:
|
Negative |
Negative Short Form |
|
I did not walk |
I didn't walk |
|
you did not play |
you didn't play |
|
he did not cook |
he didn't cook |
|
she did not listen |
she didn't listen |
|
it did not rain |
it didn't rain |
|
we did not eat |
we didn't eat |
|
they did not drink |
they didn't drink |
سوالات نیز بسیار آسان است. فقط « did » را قبل از موضوع، و مصدر را بعد از آن قرار دهید.
در اینجا سؤالات " yes / no" وجود دارد:
|
'Yes / No' Questions |
|
did I walk? |
|
did you play? |
|
did he cook? |
|
did she listen? |
|
did it rain? |
|
did we eat? |
|
did they drink? |
البته برای ایجاد سوال "wh" کلمه سوال را در ابتدای جمله قرار دهید:
|
'Wh' Questions |
|
where did I go? |
|
what did you play? |
|
what did he cook? |
|
why did she listen? |
|
when did it rain? |
|
where did we eat? |
|
how did they travel? |
